TESA/PESA
PESA (Percutaneous Epididymal Sperm Aspiration) and TESA (Testicular Sperm Aspiration) are methods used in assisted reproductive technologies to retrieve sperm from men with certain fertility issues, mainly for Azoospermia condition.
PESA (Percutaneous Epididymal Sperm Aspiration):
- In PESA, a fine needle is used to aspirate sperm directly from the epididymis, a small organ attached to the testicle where sperm mature.
- It's typically used when there is an obstruction in the reproductive tract that prevents the release of sperm during ejaculation.
- PESA is less invasive than some other procedures, as it doesn't require an incision into the testicles.
TESA (Testicular Sperm Aspiration):
- TESA involves the extraction of sperm directly from the testicles using a fine needle and syringe.
- This method is often employed when there is very low sperm production in the testes, a condition known as azoospermia.
- TESA is commonly used for men with primary testicular disease, where the testicles produce very few or no sperm.
- If PESA and TESA do not successfully retrieve sperm, more invasive procedures like Testicular Sperm Extraction (TESE) or Microdissection TESE (Micro TESE) may be considered:
TESE (Testicular Sperm Extraction):
- TESE involves an open surgical biopsy of the testicle to obtain a sample of testicular tissue.
- This procedure is performed to find and extract sperm for use in assisted reproductive techniques.
Micro TESE (Microdissection TESE):
- Micro TESE is an advanced form of TESE that involves using a microscope to identify and selectively remove areas of the testicle where sperm production is more likely.
- This approach aims to minimize damage to the testicular tissue and increase the chances of finding viable sperm.
These procedures are typically considered when other less invasive methods have failed to retrieve sperm or when the cause of azoospermia is related to a testicular issue. The choice of procedure depends on the specific circumstances.
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