Sperm DNA fragmentation assay
DNA Fragmentation is a type of male fertility test that measures the amount of damaged DNA in a sperm sample. DNA is considered damaged when the strands or chains are broken. All men have some amount of damage to their sperm DNA. However, high percentages of damage may indicate greater difficulty achieving and maintaining pregnancy. Sperm are very small,
yet they carry massive amounts of genetic information to the egg. With so much DNA getting packed into a tiny sperm cell, not everything arrives intact as intended. So, the DNA Fragmentation test evaluates the percentage of breaks present in sperm DNA.
There are many different tests for sperm DNA fragmentation, but the most commonly studied ones are the sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA), the deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay (TUNEL), the single-cell gel electrophoresis assay (COMET), and the sperm chromatin dispersion test (SCD). These tests provide an estimate of the degree of DNA damage present in a semen sample.
Methods for improving sperm DNA damage prior to ART procedures and techniques for selecting sperm with better chromatin are,
- Lifestyle modifications
- Infection control
- Oral antioxidant therapy
- Varicocele repair
- Micromanipulation-based sperm selection
- Testicular sperm
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